
Introduction
Manganese is another important mineral needed by the body in small amounts. This mineral plays a role in the normal functioning of the brain, nervous system and body’s enzyme systems. [1]
Plant sources have much higher manganese concentrations than animal sources.[4]
However, it is believed that manganese in drinking water and supplements might be more bioavailable than in dietary manganese. [3]

- Infants and children tend to absorb more manganese than adults which is around 1-5% of total intake. [1]
- Also, women absorb dietary manganese more effectively than men. [1]
- Furthermore, absorption decreases significantly as intake increases. [3]

- Manganese is absorbed in the small intestine. [1]
- On average, the human body contains 10 to 20 mg of manganese, of which 25% to 40% is in the bones. [1]
- The rest is stored in the liver, brain, pancreas and kidneys. [1]

- Most of the mineral is excreted through bile, almost 90%, and a very small amount is excreted through urine. [1]
Body Functions

Recommended Daily Intake

Deficiency Symptoms

Manganese Food Sources

Excessive Intake/ Toxicity Side Effects

Groups At Risk of Manganese Deficiency
Manganese Interaction With Other Nutrients
- Iron – Iron intakes are inversely associated with manganese absorption. [1]
- Calcium and Phytate – Both these minerals can reduce manganese absorption [3,4]
- Magnesium – Magnesium supplements can possibly decrease bioavailability in healthy adults, either by decreasing absorption or increasing excretion. [4]
Nutrient Profiles For Food Groups
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