high thiamine foods
Medically reviewed by Sara Osman,RD,PT

Introduction

Vitamin B1 (or Thiamine or thiamin or aneurine) is one of the 8 water-soluble vitamins available from food sources as well as from supplements [1]. It was one of the first B vitamins identified [3].

Total thiamine content in an adult human is estimated to be around 30 mg and is located in the skeletal muscles, heart, brain, liver and kidneys. It has a biological half-life of around 9 – 18 days [2,4].

Alcohol and other anti-thiamin factors that present in some foods (such as some phenolic compounds, sulfites and thiaminases)) can reduce thiamin’s bioavailability [4].

  • In healthy individuals, the thiamine absorption rate is around 95% for intake lower than 2 mg/day. [4]
  • It is absorbed in the small intestine. [1]
  • It is believed that thiamin absorption increases when intakes are low and decreases above an intake of 5mg/day. [1,4]
  • Also, heating, cooking, processing foods or boiling them in water can destroy the thiamine content in foods. [4]
  • This water-soluble vitamin is usually stored in the liver is very low amounts and has a very short half-life. [1]
  • It can be stored in the liver for a maximum of 18 days, hence daily intake is recommended. [6]
  • The body excretes excess thiamine in the urine when intakes are high and significant excretions happens in faeces when daily consumption is above 5 mg/day. [1,4]

Body Functions

Recommended Daily Intake

how much vitamin b1 thiamin is recommended daily
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Deficiency Symptoms

Thiamine Food Sources

foods high in vitamin b1 thiamine
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Excessive Intake/ Toxicity Side Effects

Toxicity is rare for this nutrient as it’s a water-soluble vitamin and the body removes excess amount instantly [1,2,4].

Groups At Risk of Thiamine Deficiency

Thiamine Interaction With Other Nutrients

  • MagnesiumMagnesium deficiency can possibly aggravate thiamin deficiency in humans [4].
  • CarbohydrateExcess intake of carbs may possibly increase Thiamine intake[2].

Nutrient Profiles For Food Groups

Fruits ( i )

Raw or frozen – 0.04 mg
Canned – 0.03 mg
Dried 0.03 mg
Juice – 0.03 mg

Legumes ( i )

Flour – 0.56 mg
Raw- 0.26 mg
Cooked – 0.17 mg
Canned – 0.08 mg
Dry – 0 mg

Nuts & Seeds ( i )

Nuts – 0.32 mg
Seeds – 0.54 mg

Veggies ( i )

Dried – 0.20 mg
Raw or frozen – 0.15 mg
Cooked – 0.12 mg
Canned – 0.10 mg

Cereal grains & Flour ( i )

Flour – 0.27 mg
Raw grains – 0.37 mg
Cooked – 0.08 mg

Oils ( i )

Cooking oil – 0 mg
Other edible oils – 0 mg

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Medically reviewed by Sara Osman,RD,PT

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